Migration 'fuelling rice in Hepatitis B (Exploring the link between Essay

Migration 'fuelling rice in Hepatitis B (Exploring the link between migration and the rise of hepatitis B in the UK..focus on Ea - Essay Example Each region of the world has its own set of endemic diseases, disease-carrying insects and animals, water-borne contamination and chemicals, and issues with access to medical care. For the cause of public health, it must be determined which immigrant groups are high risk, and the magnitude of that risk. Ethnicity, country of origin, and race have all been proven to have at least some effect on the progression and treatment of infectious diseases. Understanding the more concrete links between race and ethnicity to the spread specifically of hepatitis B can give physicians the information they require to treat the unique and specialised needs of each ethnic group (Brant & Boxall, 2009). Background - Hepatitis B Approximately 350 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis B which is caused by, unsurprisingly, the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B is a serious health concern and can greatly reduce the length and quality of a sufferer's life, especially when it is left untreated du e to the unavailability of proper medical care, the ignorance of the person to the presence of the infection, or the stigma attached to the disease causing the sufferer not to seek out what care may be available to them. Many lives are lost worldwide every year due to a lack of treatment and vaccination, especially in developing nations (NIDDK, 2009). It is imperative that we understand the workings of this disease, its progression, and its method of contagion, in order to reduce the spread and the worldwide severity of hepatitis B, especially in the case of immigrants. From a public health standpoint, it is thankful that hepatitis B infection is limited to transfer by bodily fluids, such as blood or semen. These fluids may be transferred at any time when two people are in contact with open wounds or mucous membranes, such during unprotected sexual intercourse, during childbirth if the mother is infected, by providing medical care to an infected person without the proper barriers in place to prevent the spread of microbes, and through the reuse of contaminated needles. However, it cannot be transmitted by touch or by air, limiting the speed at which the disease can spread. Therefore, the risk to the general public from an infected person is low; it is those who live in the infected person's household who are most likely to become infected due to accidental contact with bodily fluids (NIDDK, 2009). Infection with the virus may remain undetected for many years after the initial contact, which is why immigrants who seem otherwise healthy may be able to enter the United Kingdom already infected. The disease passes through four phases over about ten to twenty-five years, and remains in the patient's system permanently after the initial infection and disease remission. The first phase is often symptomless and not discovered unless the person is tested for an unrelated reason, and the fourth phase is a marked decrease in viral load, referred to as a period of remissi on. When the body reaches a high level

The Battle of Guadalcanal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Battle of Guadalcanal - Term Paper Example However, by August 1942, the American marines landed on the Guadalcanal’s northern beaches after the firing of Navy ships ahead of them. About three months later, the Marine managed to secure the airfield, as well as about six miles wide on the beach section (Braun and Alexander 232). This paper thereby drills deep into the Battle of Guadalcanal, its operations, and scrutinizes the Allied and Japanese leadership during the war. Allied forces, predominantly from America, landed on Guadalcanal by 7th August 1942, seizing an airfield that had been under construction by the Japanese military- the airfield was later named as Henderson Field (Coggan 162). Subsequently, several attempts and efforts made by the Japanese Imperial Navy and Army tremendously failed as they used ships to deliver reinforcements to Guadalcanal, with a sole aim of recapturing the airfield. By early November, 1942, Japanese military organized a transport convoy that would take about seven thousand infantry tr oops and equipment to the island of Guadalcanal- their core intent being to make an attempt once again, which would aid their struggle to retake the airfield. According to Braun and Alexander, lots of Japanese warships and forces were allotted to attack the Henderson Field with a central aim of destroying Allied aircrafts, which posed threats to their convoy (248). After observing and learning the Japanese efforts of reinforcement and retake, the United States military forces launched warship and aircraft combats in order to defend the Henderson Fields, and hence prevent or bar the Japanese navy and ground troops from nearing the Guadalcanal area. Braun and Alexander reveals that for strategic purposes, the possession of an airfield or airbase within Guadalcanal was vital to the control of sea-line-communications between Australia and the United States (241).